Which treatment can be derived from the bark of the pictured tree?
- Aspirin
- Atropine
- Colchicine
- Quinine
Contents
Reveal the Reply
1. Aspirin
Qualifications
The photo displays a weeping willow, a member of the Salix genus of trees. Willow tree bark has salicin from which aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) can be derived.
For in excess of 3500 many years, willow bark has been made use of as a traditional medication to handle fevers and suffering [1]. The energetic compound, salicin, is metabolized to salicylic acid in the overall body supplying analgesic and antipyretic consequences [2]. In 1897, Dr. Felix Hoffman modified salicylic acid and designed acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), now the most-utilised drug in the entire world because of to its function in preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular condition [1].
How can people turn into poisoned with willow bark?
- Willow tree bark extract has been employed as an organic dietary supplement for long-term lower back pain, joint soreness, osteoarthritis, sports activities functionality, and bodyweight reduction [3].
- Willow tree bark nutritional supplements are obtainable as tablets, tinctures, powders, or tea.
- Situations of toxicity have been noted subsequent ingestion of dietary supplements as effectively as ingestion of willow bark tea [4,5].
- Nevertheless, most adverse reactions from willow bark health supplements have been linked with people today who have aspirin allergies, with quite a few situations of anaphylaxis [6].
How does willow bark toxicity present? [7]
- Toxicity from salicin mirrors toxicity from aspirin (salicylism) in its clinical presentation.
- One examine reveals that ingestion of 240 mg of salicin in willow bark tablets produced salicylate stages equal to 87 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, for that reason serum salicylate amounts will be detectable adhering to ingestion [8].
- Salicylate has a direct result on the respiratory heart of the medulla creating tachypnea.
- Tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal agony are widespread.
- With serious toxicity, people can have altered psychological position, seizures, hyperthermia, and pulmonary edema.
- Additional details on the diagnosis and therapy of salicylate toxicity
Bedside Pearls
- Willow tree bark (Salix genus) contains salicin, which is metabolized in the physique to salicylic acid.
- Ingestion of willow bark nutritional supplements can induce salicylism.
- Patients who have an aspirin allergy must prevent willow tree bark supplements, extracts, or teas.
The American College of Clinical Toxicology hosts this Toxicology Visible Pearls series. The publish was peer-reviewed on behalf of ACMT by Drs. Rob Hendrickson, Louise Kao, and Kristine Naňagas.
Study Much more in the Series
References
- Desborough MJR, Keeling DM. The Aspirin Story – from Willow to Marvel Drug. British Journal of Haematology. 2017177(5):674-683. PMID: 28106908.
- Schmid B, Kötter I, Heide L. Pharmacokinetics of salicin after oral administration of a standardised willow bark extract. European Journal of Medical Pharmacology. 200157(5):387-391. PMID: 11599656.
- Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and Security of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts. Phytotherapy Exploration. 201529(8):1112-1116. PMID: 25997859.
- Srivali N, Cheungpasitporn W, Chongnarungsin D, Edmonds LC. White willow bark induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Am J Med Sci. 2013 May possibly5(5):330. PMID: 23814765.
- Kuzak N, Brubacher JR, Kennedy JR. Reversal of salicylate-induced euglycemic delirium with dextrose. Medical Toxicology. 200745(5):526-529. PMID: 17503260.
- Oketch-Rabah HA, Marles RJ, Jordan SA, Minimal Dog T. United States Pharmacopeia Basic safety Critique of Willow Bark. Planta Medica. 201985(16):1192-1202. PMID: 31604354.
- Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Salicylate Toxicity. New England Journal of Drugs. 2020382(26):2544-2555. PMID: 32579814.
- Schmid B, Kötter I, Heide L. Pharmacokinetics of salicin after oral administration of a standardised willow bark extract. European Journal of Scientific Pharmacology. 200157(5):387-391. PMID: 11599656.
Author data
Ivan Ivanov, DO
Resident Health practitioner
Crisis Medicine
South Brooklyn Wellbeing
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